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Why Large Language Models Fail at Tabular Prediction

arXiv:2608.02412LG3 aug 20261 min readHN ×3PDF

LLMs classify small tables well until the table gets wide; more columns break them.

64.8%

Best classical match in high-D

No standard learner mimics the LLM once dimensions grow.

How it works

  1. LLMs lose on tables

    Prompted with a whole table, a frontier LLM loses to decades-old classifiers like kNN and logistic regression. Nobody knew why.

  2. Test five suspects

    Controlled experiments vary class overlap, CSV format, number precision, test batch size and number of columns, one at a time.

  3. Columns are the culprit

    Only more columns hurt, and only the LLM. In 2D it acts like nearest neighbours; wider, it matches nothing.

filterclean setsCSV promptpredictionsTabulardatasetsMemorisationprobeControlledinterventionsSingle-passLLM promptCompare 252baselinesDimensionalityverdictfilterclean setsCSV promptpredictionsTabulardatasetsMemorisationprobeControlledinterventionsSingle-passLLM promptCompare 252baselinesDimensionalityverdict
From the paper