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LLM Judges Verify Presence, Not Absence: Omission Blindness in AI Clinical Notes and What Recovers It

arXiv:2608.31016CLAI31 aug 20261 min readHN ×3PDF

AI judges catch wrong text in clinical notes but barely notice missing facts, until forced to check facts one by one.

36.9%

Omission notes flagged, evolved prompt

At 6.2% false alarms; best standard judge caught 8.3%.

How it works

  1. Judges miss absences

    LLM judges spot added or altered content (0.79-0.94 paired) but sit near coin flip on omitted facts (0.50-0.63).

  2. Turn absence into presence

    List facts the transcript establishes, then ask yes/no whether the note contains each one.

  3. Partial recovery

    Per-fact pipeline flags 24.6% at 2.7% false alarms; one evolved prompt flags 36.9% at 6.2%.

~39 factsseverityverdictsTranscriptonlyExtractfactsAuditand gradeCheckeach factFlag criticalabsences~39 factsseverityverdictsTranscriptonlyExtractfactsAuditand gradeCheckeach factFlag criticalabsences
From the paper